Download	N°5 | December 2011 EAC-EU Trade Negotiations: Bringing Equitable Agriculture Development to the Forefront Exploiting the opportunities presented by the EAC-EU EPA is vital to the agriculture sector of the EAC. While the stated objective of the Framework EPA is to contribute to development, it can achieve truly equitable agricultural development in the region only if smallholder farmers who form the bulk of the labour force benefit from it. However, the window of opportunity presented by the EPA for small-scale farmers has barely been opened so far. This policy brief is an analysis of the agriculture related provisions of the Framework EPA and provides recommendations to be taken into account in the ongoing negotiations for the EPA to become a true developmental instrument.
Download	N°4 | December 2011 Sowing Multilaterally, Reaping Locally: Can the WTO Promote Equitable Agriculture Development in the East African Community? This brief examines the World Trade Organisation (WTO) agriculture disciplines and negotiations, their impact on the EAC domestic and international trade relations, the opportunities arising, and how equitable agriculture development can best be enhanced by the multilateral trading system.
Download	N°3 | December 2011 Equitable Development through Agriculture: Policy Options for Tanzania Despite Tanzania’s impressive economic performance, little has been registered in terms of poverty reduction in the country. The agriculture sector in Tanzania, which employs about 87 percent of the population, can potentially facilitate equitable development in the country. This brief examines the relationship between stakeholders in the agriculture sector, .i.e. policy makers, farmers, investors and traders; the agriculture policies in place; the sectors’ potential, as well as challenges that would need to be redressed for an enabling environment towards balanced development and poverty reduction.
Download	N°2 | December 2011 Towards Equitable Agriculture Development in Uganda: A Look at the  Terms of Trade amongst Stakeholders Although the contribution of agriculture to the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Uganda has declined since 2001, the sector remains a fundamental base of the country’s economy employing over 80 percent of the labour force. This brief seeks to identify elements of an enabling environment for positive interaction and equitable terms of trade among stakeholders in the agricultural sector i.e. farmers, investors, and traders towards inclusive agriculture development in Uganda.
Download	N°1 | December 2011 Boosting Development in Kenya: Better Participation of Smallholders in Agri-Business Agriculture has the potential for fuelling Kenya’s development and pulling the over 15 million rural poor out of poverty. Yet, inconsistent production in recent years has led to food insecurity and increased levels of poverty. While a possible solution could lie in improving smallholders’ participation in agri-business, challenges remain for both farmers and private firms towards their fair and viable relationships. This policy brief discusses possible ways of achieving this, and provides recommendations on addressing the challenges towards a truly equitable agricultural development in Kenya
Download	2009 Leveraging the Agriculture Sector through Trade: Opportunities and Challenges in the EC-EAC EPA For the EC-EAC EPA to achieve its economic development objective agriculture specific support is required to address the challenges discussed above. Policy makers should also give the agriculture sector the attention it deserves, considering its potential to contribute substantially to the development needs of the region
Download	2009 The Most Favoured-Nation Provision in the EC-EAC EPA and its Implications The issue with the MFN clause in the EPAs is that it may slow down South-South trade since the “major trading economies may not find any incentive to negotiate bilateral concessions with the EAC/ACP countries knowing that these would be taken advantage of by the EC rather than their own exporters; thus leading to slowdown in expansion/diversification of the export basket for EAC/ACP countries
Download	2009 Export taxes and EPAs-Another Policy Tool under Threat from the EC? An export tax is simply a duty applied by countries to products before export, although it can take several forms. Export taxes can be introduced at a standard rate; can fluctuate, depending on world prices, and can also induce a complete ban on exports.
Download	2009 Trade in Services and EPAs: The way forward for the EAC With an interim Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) on trade in goods having been agreed between the European Union (EU) and the countries of the East African Community (EAC), attention in the current phase of negotiations has turned to the remaining issues in the negotiations to conclude a comprehensive agreement that include services liberalisation
Download	2009 Standards and Market Access under EPAs: Implications and Way Forward for EAC The economic costs associated with meeting high EU standards when a country has only a limited volume of production is particularly important for developing countries. This could come to constitute a barrier to trade. In this context, derogation provisions will need to be developed, which allow greater use to be made of non-originating raw materials, where this allows the unit costs of SPS-compliance in the countries concerned to be reduced to an economically viable level.
Download	2009 Revenue Implications of the EC-EAC EPA: the Case of Tanzania The issue of revenue implications of EPAs on the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries has been widely debated, as the development implications of the reduction in government revenue that will result from the elimination of customs duties. EAC member countries’ high reliance on trade taxes as a source of government revenue is a threat to the development objectives of these countries, if alternative sources are not found.